Roberts et al v. Progressive Preferred Insurance Company et al | Advancing DEI Initiative

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GLOSSARY

The definitions in our glossary are primarily sourced from Nolo’s Plain-English Law Dictionary and Cornell Law School’s Legal Information Institute. We have made slight modifications where needed for brevity and to better tailor the definitions to the specific needs of users of this website. For more detailed explanations of the terms, users are encouraged to review the definitions on these websites or conduct their own independent research.

A written request made after a trial court’s final ruling, asking another court to review the trial court's decisions. Appellate courts typically decide whether a legal mistake was made and whether the mistake changed the outcome of the case.

An out-of-court procedure for resolving disputes in which one or more people, “arbitrator(s),” hear evidence and make a decision. It's like a trial in some ways, but typically proceeds more quickly and with less formality.

A lawsuit in which a large number of people with similar legal claims join together (the class) to sue. In this context, it likely refers to cases in which a group of people claim they have suffered discrimination at the hands of an organization.

A document filed in court that starts a lawsuit. In some states and in some types of legal actions, the complaint is called a petition.

the money awarded to one party because of an injury or loss caused by another party.

The person or entity against whom a civil case is filed.

A court order requiring a person to do or stop doing a specific action.

Harm done to a person or organization by the acts or omissions of another. Injury may be physical or may involve damage to reputation, loss of a legal right, or breach of a contract.

An appeal that occurs before the trial court's final ruling on an entire case.

Any party to a lawsuit. This might include a plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, respondent, cross-complainant, or cross-defendant, but not a witness or attorney.

The process of bringing and pursuing (litigating) a lawsuit.

A formal request, either written or oral, that a judge enter a particular order or ruling in a lawsuit.

A motion asking the judge to throw out one or more claims or an entire lawsuit.

These phrases refer to a case whose decision rests upon the law as it applied to the particular evidence and facts presented. This is in opposition to cases whose decisions rest upon procedural grounds (e.g. not filing a timely complaint).

The person, corporation, or other legal entity that initiates a lawsuit seeking damages, enforcement of a contract, or a court determination of rights. In certain states and for some types of lawsuits, the term petitioner is used instead.

Any legal document filed in a lawsuit, including the complaint, answer, and motion(s). The pleading stage gives notice to both parties of the intention of the opposing party regarding the lawsuit.

An opinion of a federal or state court of appeals establishing a legal principle or rule that must be followed by lower courts when faced with similar legal issues.

A court order early in a lawsuit that prohibits the parties from taking a disputed action until the court can decide the merits of the case.

A document that public companies must provide their shareholders prior to a shareholder meeting. The document summarizes proposals submitted to shareholders for a vote.

Punishment of an employee by an employer for engaging in legally protected activity like making a complaint of harassment or participating in workplace investigations. It can include any negative job action, such as demotion, discipline, or firing.

A person's right to sue and have a court rule on their claims. To invoke a federal court's jurisdiction and have the court exercise its remedial powers on their behalf, a person must have standing.

A final decision by a judge, upon a party's motion, that resolves a lawsuit before there is a trial.

CASE NAME

Roberts et al v. Progressive Preferred Insurance Company et al

Overview

Plaintiffs brought a class action challenge to Defendant’s program that offers grants of $25k to Black-owned small businesses to put toward purchase of a commercial vehicle.

Details

Defendants filed a motion to dismiss, arguing that Plaintiffs lacked standing because they failed to show they were ready and able to apply for the grant. Defendants also contended that the grant program constituted a “gratuitous promise” rather than a contract, placing it outside the scope of Section 1981, which prohibits discrimination in contracts. Additionally, they argued that applying Section 1981 to this grant program would violate the First Amendment right to free speech. Finally, Defendants maintained that the program was a lawful affirmative action initiative under the Supreme Court’s decision in Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara County, 480 U.S. 616 (1987).

The district court dismissed the lawsuit in May 2024, concluding that Plaintiffs lacked standing because they failed to demonstrate that they were ready and able to apply for the grant program absent the racial criteria.

Court

U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio

Status

Filed August 16, 2023 | Appealed

Relevant Law

Topic

Targeted programs

American Alliance for Equal Rights v. Fearless Fund Management, LLC (Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals)

Litigation History

Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals

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Significance

This case illustrates that arguments based on standing can be a powerful tool in defending some anti-DEI lawsuits.